NOTE!

Demo

Find:
(mm/dd/yyyy; "sorter-date-range-mdy") column
(dd/mm/yyyy; "sorter-date-range-dmy") column
(yyy/mm/dd; "sorter-date-range-ymd") column
(dd MMMM yyyy; "sorter-date-range-dMMMyyyy") column

Order
Date range (mm/dd/yyyy - mm/dd/yyyy)
Date range (dd/mm/yyyy - dd/mm/yyyy)
Date range (yyyy/mm/dd - yyyy/mm/dd)
Date range (dd MMMM yyyy - dd MMMM yyyy)
1 04/28/2014 - 07/18/2014 28/04/2014 - 18/07/2014 2014/04/28 - 2014/07/18 28 April 2014 - 18 Jul 2014
2 04/30/2014 - 05/21/2014 30/04/2014 - 21/05/2014 2014/04/30 - 2014/05/21 30 Apr 2014 - 21 May 2014
6 7/15/2014 15/7/2014 2014/7/15 15 Jul 2014
5 07/12/2014 - 07/23/2014 12/07/2014 - 23/07/2014 2014/07/12 - 2014/07/23 12 Jul 2014 - 23 July 2014
3 05/20/2014 - 05/23/2014 20/05/2014 - 23/05/2014 2014/05/20 - 2014/05/23 20 May 2014 - 23 May 2014
4 8/12/2014 - 7/10/2014 12/8/2014 - 10/7/2014 2014/8/12 - 2014/7/10 12 August 2014 - 10 Jul 2014

Header

<link href="css/theme.blue.css" rel="stylesheet">

<script src="js/jquery-latest.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/jquery.tablesorter.js"></script>
<!-- date range parsers -->
<script src="js/parsers/parser-date-range.js"></script>
<!-- filter widget & inside range type -->
<script src="js/widgets/widget-filter.js"></script>
<script src="js/widgets/widget-filter-type-insideRange.js"></script>

HTML

Find:<br>
<button type="button" data-column="1">5/4/2014</button> (mm/dd/yyyy; "sorter-date-range-mdy") column<br>
<button type="button" data-column="2">15/7/2014</button> (dd/mm/yyyy; "sorter-date-range-dmy") column<br>
<button type="button" data-column="3">2014/5/20</button> (yyy/mm/dd; "sorter-date-range-ymd") column<br>
<button type="button" data-column="4">18 July 2014</button> (dd MMMM yyyy; "sorter-date-range-dMMMyyyy") column
<p><button type="button" class="reset">Reset</button></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="order">Order</th>
<th class="sorter-date-range-mdy">Date range (mm/dd/yyyy - mm/dd/yyyy)</th>
<th class="sorter-date-range-dmy">Date range (dd/mm/yyyy - dd/mm/yyyy)</th>
<th class="sorter-date-range-ymd">Date range (yyyy/mm/dd - yyyy/mm/dd)</th>
<th class="sorter-date-range-dMMMyyyy">Date range (dd MMMM yyyy - dd MMMM yyyy)</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>04/28/2014 - 07/18/2014</td>
<td>28/04/2014 - 18/07/2014</td>
<td>2014/04/28 - 2014/07/18</td>
<td>28 April 2014 - 18 Jul 2014</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>04/30/2014 - 05/21/2014</td>
<td>30/04/2014 - 21/05/2014</td>
<td>2014/04/30 - 2014/05/21</td>
<td>30 Apr 2014 - 21 May 2014</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>6</td>
<td>7/15/2014</td>
<td>15/7/2014</td>
<td>2014/7/15</td>
<td>15 Jul 2014</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>5</td>
<td>07/12/2014 - 07/23/2014</td>
<td>12/07/2014 - 23/07/2014</td>
<td>2014/07/12 - 2014/07/23</td>
<td>12 Jul 2014 - 23 July 2014</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>05/20/2014 - 05/23/2014</td>
<td>20/05/2014 - 23/05/2014</td>
<td>2014/05/20 - 2014/05/23</td>
<td>20 May 2014 - 23 May 2014</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>8/12/2014 - 7/10/2014</td>
<td>12/8/2014 - 10/7/2014</td>
<td>2014/8/12 - 2014/7/10</td>
<td>12 August 2014 - 10 Jul 2014</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

Javascript

$(function() {

// call the tablesorter plugin
$('table').tablesorter({
theme : 'blue',
widgets : ['zebra', 'filter'],
widgetOptions: {
filter_reset: '.reset'
}
});

// filter buttons
$('button').on('click', function() {
var $this = $(this),
filter = [],
column = $this.attr('data-column');
filter[column] = $this.text();
$('table').trigger('search', [ filter ]);
});

});